Retrieves an array of pages (or hierarchical post type items).
Parameters
$args
array|stringoptional- Array or string of arguments to retrieve pages.
child_of
intPage ID to return child and grandchild pages of. Note: The value of$hierarchical
has no bearing on whether$child_of
returns hierarchical results. Default 0, or no restriction.sort_order
stringHow to sort retrieved pages. Accepts'ASC'
,'DESC'
. Default'ASC'
.sort_column
stringWhat columns to sort pages by, comma-separated. Accepts'post_author'
,'post_date'
,'post_title'
,'post_name'
,'post_modified'
,'menu_order'
,'post_modified_gmt'
,'post_parent'
,'ID'
,'rand'
,'comment*count'
.
'post*'
can be omitted for any values that start with it.
Default'post_title'
.hierarchical
boolWhether to return pages hierarchically. If false in conjunction with$child_of
also being false, both arguments will be disregarded.
Default true.exclude
int[]Array of page IDs to exclude.include
int[]Array of page IDs to include. Cannot be used with$child_of
,$parent
,$exclude
,$meta_key
,$meta_value
, or$hierarchical
.
meta_key
stringOnly include pages with this meta key.meta_value
stringOnly include pages with this meta value. Requires$meta_key
.
authors
stringA comma-separated list of author IDs.parent
intPage ID to return direct children of. Default -1, or no restriction.exclude_tree
string|int[]Comma-separated string or array of page IDs to exclude.
number
intThe number of pages to return. Default 0, or all pages.offset
intThe number of pages to skip before returning. Requires$number
.
Default 0.post_type
stringThe post type to query. Default'page'
.post_status
string|arrayA comma-separated list or array of post statuses to include.
Default'publish'
.
Default:
array()
Source
function get_pages( $args = array() ) {
$defaults = array(
'child_of' => 0,
'sort_order' => 'ASC',
'sort_column' => 'post_title',
'hierarchical' => 1,
'exclude' => array(),
'include' => array(),
'meta_key' => '',
'meta_value' => '',
'authors' => '',
'parent' => -1,
'exclude_tree' => array(),
'number' => '',
'offset' => 0,
'post_type' => 'page',
'post_status' => 'publish',
);
$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
$number = (int) $parsed_args['number'];
$offset = (int) $parsed_args['offset'];
$child_of = (int) $parsed_args['child_of'];
$hierarchical = $parsed_args['hierarchical'];
$exclude = $parsed_args['exclude'];
$meta_key = $parsed_args['meta_key'];
$meta_value = $parsed_args['meta_value'];
$parent = $parsed_args['parent'];
$post_status = $parsed_args['post_status'];
// Make sure the post type is hierarchical.
$hierarchical_post_types = get_post_types( array( 'hierarchical' => true ) );
if ( ! in_array( $parsed_args['post_type'], $hierarchical_post_types, true ) ) {
return false;
}
if ( $parent > 0 && ! $child_of ) {
$hierarchical = false;
}
// Make sure we have a valid post status.
if ( ! is_array( $post_status ) ) {
$post_status = explode( ',', $post_status );
}
if ( array_diff( $post_status, get_post_stati() ) ) {
return false;
}
$query_args = array(
'orderby' => 'post_title',
'order' => 'ASC',
'post__not_in' => wp_parse_id_list( $exclude ),
'meta_key' => $meta_key,
'meta_value' => $meta_value,
'posts_per_page' => -1,
'offset' => $offset,
'post_type' => $parsed_args['post_type'],
'post_status' => $post_status,
'update_post_term_cache' => false,
'update_post_meta_cache' => false,
'ignore_sticky_posts' => true,
'no_found_rows' => true,
);
if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['include'] ) ) {
$child_of = 0; // Ignore child_of, parent, exclude, meta_key, and meta_value params if using include.
$parent = -1;
unset( $query_args['post__not_in'], $query_args['meta_key'], $query_args['meta_value'] );
$hierarchical = false;
$query_args['post__in'] = wp_parse_id_list( $parsed_args['include'] );
}
if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['authors'] ) ) {
$post_authors = wp_parse_list( $parsed_args['authors'] );
if ( ! empty( $post_authors ) ) {
$query_args['author__in'] = array();
foreach ( $post_authors as $post_author ) {
// Do we have an author id or an author login?
if ( 0 == (int) $post_author ) {
$post_author = get_user_by( 'login', $post_author );
if ( empty( $post_author ) ) {
continue;
}
if ( empty( $post_author->ID ) ) {
continue;
}
$post_author = $post_author->ID;
}
$query_args['author__in'][] = (int) $post_author;
}
}
}
if ( is_array( $parent ) ) {
$post_parent__in = array_map( 'absint', (array) $parent );
if ( ! empty( $post_parent__in ) ) {
$query_args['post_parent__in'] = $post_parent__in;
}
} elseif ( $parent >= 0 ) {
$query_args['post_parent'] = $parent;
}
/*
* Maintain backward compatibility for `sort_column` key.
* Additionally to `WP_Query`, it has been supporting the `post_modified_gmt` field, so this logic will translate
* it to `post_modified` which should result in the same order given the two dates in the fields match.
*/
$orderby = wp_parse_list( $parsed_args['sort_column'] );
$orderby = array_map(
static function ( $orderby_field ) {
$orderby_field = trim( $orderby_field );
if ( 'post_modified_gmt' === $orderby_field || 'modified_gmt' === $orderby_field ) {
$orderby_field = str_replace( '_gmt', '', $orderby_field );
}
return $orderby_field;
},
$orderby
);
if ( $orderby ) {
$query_args['orderby'] = array_fill_keys( $orderby, $parsed_args['sort_order'] );
}
$order = $parsed_args['sort_order'];
if ( $order ) {
$query_args['order'] = $order;
}
if ( ! empty( $number ) ) {
$query_args['posts_per_page'] = $number;
}
/**
* Filters query arguments passed to WP_Query in get_pages.
*
* @since 6.3.0
*
* @param array $query_args Array of arguments passed to WP_Query.
* @param array $parsed_args Array of get_pages() arguments.
*/
$query_args = apply_filters( 'get_pages_query_args', $query_args, $parsed_args );
$pages = new WP_Query();
$pages = $pages->query( $query_args );
if ( $child_of || $hierarchical ) {
$pages = get_page_children( $child_of, $pages );
}
if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['exclude_tree'] ) ) {
$exclude = wp_parse_id_list( $parsed_args['exclude_tree'] );
foreach ( $exclude as $id ) {
$children = get_page_children( $id, $pages );
foreach ( $children as $child ) {
$exclude[] = $child->ID;
}
}
$num_pages = count( $pages );
for ( $i = 0; $i < $num_pages; $i++ ) {
if ( in_array( $pages[ $i ]->ID, $exclude, true ) ) {
unset( $pages[ $i ] );
}
}
}
/**
* Filters the retrieved list of pages.
*
* @since 2.1.0
*
* @param WP_Post[] $pages Array of page objects.
* @param array $parsed_args Array of get_pages() arguments.
*/
return apply_filters( 'get_pages', $pages, $parsed_args );
}
Hooks
- apply_filters( ‘get_pages’,
WP_Post[] $pages ,array $parsed_args ) Filters the retrieved list of pages.
- apply_filters( ‘get_pages_query_args’,
array $query_args ,array $parsed_args ) Filters query arguments passed to WP_Query in get_pages.
Displaying pages in dropdown list
In this example a dropdown list with all the pages. Note how you can grab the link for the page with a simple call to the function
get_page_link
passing the ID of the page.Displaying child pages of the current page in post format
Perhaps this will save someone else some time and frustration:
Using
'any'
as'post_status'
, either as a string or in an array, does not work withget_pages
. In fact, it completely preventsget_pages
from returning any results.