get_pages( array|string $args = array() ): WP_Post[]|false
Retrieves an array of pages (or hierarchical post type items).
Contents
Parameters
-
$args
array|string Optional -
Array or string of arguments to retrieve pages.
child_of
intPage ID to return child and grandchild pages of. Note: The value of$hierarchical
has no bearing on whether$child_of
returns hierarchical results. Default 0, or no restriction.sort_order
stringHow to sort retrieved pages. Accepts'ASC'
,'DESC'
. Default'ASC'
.sort_column
stringWhat columns to sort pages by, comma-separated. Accepts'post_author'
,'post_date'
,'post_title'
,'post_name'
,'post_modified'
,'menu_order'
,'post_modified_gmt'
,'post_parent'
,'ID'
,'rand'
,'comment*count'
.
'post*'
can be omitted for any values that start with it.
Default'post_title'
.hierarchical
boolWhether to return pages hierarchically. If false in conjunction with$child_of
also being false, both arguments will be disregarded.
Default true.exclude
int[]Array of page IDs to exclude.include
int[]Array of page IDs to include. Cannot be used with$child_of
,$parent
,$exclude
,$meta_key
,$meta_value
, or$hierarchical
.
meta_key
stringOnly include pages with this meta key.meta_value
stringOnly include pages with this meta value. Requires$meta_key
.
authors
stringA comma-separated list of author IDs.parent
intPage ID to return direct children of. Default -1, or no restriction.exclude_tree
string|int[]Comma-separated string or array of page IDs to exclude.
number
intThe number of pages to return. Default 0, or all pages.offset
intThe number of pages to skip before returning. Requires$number
.
Default 0.post_type
stringThe post type to query. Default'page'
.post_status
string|arrayA comma-separated list or array of post statuses to include.
Default'publish'
.
Default:
array()
Return
WP_Post[]|false Array of pages (or hierarchical post type items). Boolean false if the specified post type is not hierarchical or the specified status is not supported by the post type.
Source
File: wp-includes/post.php
.
View all references
function get_pages( $args = array() ) {
global $wpdb;
$defaults = array(
'child_of' => 0,
'sort_order' => 'ASC',
'sort_column' => 'post_title',
'hierarchical' => 1,
'exclude' => array(),
'include' => array(),
'meta_key' => '',
'meta_value' => '',
'authors' => '',
'parent' => -1,
'exclude_tree' => array(),
'number' => '',
'offset' => 0,
'post_type' => 'page',
'post_status' => 'publish',
);
$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
$number = (int) $parsed_args['number'];
$offset = (int) $parsed_args['offset'];
$child_of = (int) $parsed_args['child_of'];
$hierarchical = $parsed_args['hierarchical'];
$exclude = $parsed_args['exclude'];
$meta_key = $parsed_args['meta_key'];
$meta_value = $parsed_args['meta_value'];
$parent = $parsed_args['parent'];
$post_status = $parsed_args['post_status'];
// Make sure the post type is hierarchical.
$hierarchical_post_types = get_post_types( array( 'hierarchical' => true ) );
if ( ! in_array( $parsed_args['post_type'], $hierarchical_post_types, true ) ) {
return false;
}
if ( $parent > 0 && ! $child_of ) {
$hierarchical = false;
}
// Make sure we have a valid post status.
if ( ! is_array( $post_status ) ) {
$post_status = explode( ',', $post_status );
}
if ( array_diff( $post_status, get_post_stati() ) ) {
return false;
}
// $args can be whatever, only use the args defined in defaults to compute the key.
$key = md5( serialize( wp_array_slice_assoc( $parsed_args, array_keys( $defaults ) ) ) );
$last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'posts' );
$cache_key = "get_pages:$key:$last_changed";
$cache = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'posts' );
if ( false !== $cache ) {
_prime_post_caches( $cache, false, false );
// Convert to WP_Post instances.
$pages = array_map( 'get_post', $cache );
/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post.php */
$pages = apply_filters( 'get_pages', $pages, $parsed_args );
return $pages;
}
$inclusions = '';
if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['include'] ) ) {
$child_of = 0; // Ignore child_of, parent, exclude, meta_key, and meta_value params if using include.
$parent = -1;
$exclude = '';
$meta_key = '';
$meta_value = '';
$hierarchical = false;
$incpages = wp_parse_id_list( $parsed_args['include'] );
if ( ! empty( $incpages ) ) {
$inclusions = ' AND ID IN (' . implode( ',', $incpages ) . ')';
}
}
$exclusions = '';
if ( ! empty( $exclude ) ) {
$expages = wp_parse_id_list( $exclude );
if ( ! empty( $expages ) ) {
$exclusions = ' AND ID NOT IN (' . implode( ',', $expages ) . ')';
}
}
$author_query = '';
if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['authors'] ) ) {
$post_authors = wp_parse_list( $parsed_args['authors'] );
if ( ! empty( $post_authors ) ) {
foreach ( $post_authors as $post_author ) {
// Do we have an author id or an author login?
if ( 0 == (int) $post_author ) {
$post_author = get_user_by( 'login', $post_author );
if ( empty( $post_author ) ) {
continue;
}
if ( empty( $post_author->ID ) ) {
continue;
}
$post_author = $post_author->ID;
}
if ( '' === $author_query ) {
$author_query = $wpdb->prepare( ' post_author = %d ', $post_author );
} else {
$author_query .= $wpdb->prepare( ' OR post_author = %d ', $post_author );
}
}
if ( '' !== $author_query ) {
$author_query = " AND ($author_query)";
}
}
}
$join = '';
$where = "$exclusions $inclusions ";
if ( '' !== $meta_key || '' !== $meta_value ) {
$join = " LEFT JOIN $wpdb->postmeta ON ( $wpdb->posts.ID = $wpdb->postmeta.post_id )";
// meta_key and meta_value might be slashed.
$meta_key = wp_unslash( $meta_key );
$meta_value = wp_unslash( $meta_value );
if ( '' !== $meta_key ) {
$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND $wpdb->postmeta.meta_key = %s", $meta_key );
}
if ( '' !== $meta_value ) {
$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND $wpdb->postmeta.meta_value = %s", $meta_value );
}
}
if ( is_array( $parent ) ) {
$post_parent__in = implode( ',', array_map( 'absint', (array) $parent ) );
if ( ! empty( $post_parent__in ) ) {
$where .= " AND post_parent IN ($post_parent__in)";
}
} elseif ( $parent >= 0 ) {
$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND post_parent = %d ', $parent );
}
if ( 1 === count( $post_status ) ) {
$where_post_type = $wpdb->prepare( 'post_type = %s AND post_status = %s', $parsed_args['post_type'], reset( $post_status ) );
} else {
$post_status = implode( "', '", $post_status );
$where_post_type = $wpdb->prepare( "post_type = %s AND post_status IN ('$post_status')", $parsed_args['post_type'] );
}
$orderby_array = array();
$allowed_keys = array(
'author',
'post_author',
'date',
'post_date',
'title',
'post_title',
'name',
'post_name',
'modified',
'post_modified',
'modified_gmt',
'post_modified_gmt',
'menu_order',
'parent',
'post_parent',
'ID',
'rand',
'comment_count',
);
foreach ( explode( ',', $parsed_args['sort_column'] ) as $orderby ) {
$orderby = trim( $orderby );
if ( ! in_array( $orderby, $allowed_keys, true ) ) {
continue;
}
switch ( $orderby ) {
case 'menu_order':
break;
case 'ID':
$orderby = "$wpdb->posts.ID";
break;
case 'rand':
$orderby = 'RAND()';
break;
case 'comment_count':
$orderby = "$wpdb->posts.comment_count";
break;
default:
if ( 0 === strpos( $orderby, 'post_' ) ) {
$orderby = "$wpdb->posts." . $orderby;
} else {
$orderby = "$wpdb->posts.post_" . $orderby;
}
}
$orderby_array[] = $orderby;
}
$sort_column = ! empty( $orderby_array ) ? implode( ',', $orderby_array ) : "$wpdb->posts.post_title";
$sort_order = strtoupper( $parsed_args['sort_order'] );
if ( '' !== $sort_order && ! in_array( $sort_order, array( 'ASC', 'DESC' ), true ) ) {
$sort_order = 'ASC';
}
$query = "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->posts $join WHERE ($where_post_type) $where ";
$query .= $author_query;
$query .= ' ORDER BY ' . $sort_column . ' ' . $sort_order;
if ( ! empty( $number ) ) {
$query .= ' LIMIT ' . $offset . ',' . $number;
}
$pages = $wpdb->get_results( $query );
if ( empty( $pages ) ) {
wp_cache_set( $cache_key, array(), 'posts' );
/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post.php */
$pages = apply_filters( 'get_pages', array(), $parsed_args );
return $pages;
}
// Sanitize before caching so it'll only get done once.
$num_pages = count( $pages );
for ( $i = 0; $i < $num_pages; $i++ ) {
$pages[ $i ] = sanitize_post( $pages[ $i ], 'raw' );
}
// Update cache.
update_post_cache( $pages );
if ( $child_of || $hierarchical ) {
$pages = get_page_children( $child_of, $pages );
}
if ( ! empty( $parsed_args['exclude_tree'] ) ) {
$exclude = wp_parse_id_list( $parsed_args['exclude_tree'] );
foreach ( $exclude as $id ) {
$children = get_page_children( $id, $pages );
foreach ( $children as $child ) {
$exclude[] = $child->ID;
}
}
$num_pages = count( $pages );
for ( $i = 0; $i < $num_pages; $i++ ) {
if ( in_array( $pages[ $i ]->ID, $exclude, true ) ) {
unset( $pages[ $i ] );
}
}
}
$page_structure = array();
foreach ( $pages as $page ) {
$page_structure[] = $page->ID;
}
wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $page_structure, 'posts' );
// Convert to WP_Post instances.
$pages = array_map( 'get_post', $pages );
/**
* Filters the retrieved list of pages.
*
* @since 2.1.0
*
* @param WP_Post[] $pages Array of page objects.
* @param array $parsed_args Array of get_pages() arguments.
*/
return apply_filters( 'get_pages', $pages, $parsed_args );
}
Hooks
-
apply_filters( 'get_pages',
WP_Post[] $pages ,array $parsed_args ) -
Filters the retrieved list of pages.
Changelog
Version | Description |
---|---|
1.5.0 | Introduced. |
User Contributed Notes
You must log in before being able to contribute a note or feedback.
Displaying pages in dropdown list
In this example a dropdown list with all the pages. Note how you can grab the link for the page with a simple call to the function
get_page_link
passing the ID of the page.Displaying child pages of the current page in post format
Top ↑
Feedback
Key value pairs with page ID and Page Title This can be very useful for dropdown list
— By Uriel Wilson —
Perhaps this will save someone else some time and frustration:
Using
'any'
as'post_status'
, either as a string or in an array, does not work withget_pages
. In fact, it completely preventsget_pages
from returning any results.