The example of modifying a current query and add your own category id to filter:

add_filter( 'getarchives_where', 'custom_archive_by_category_where' );
add_filter( 'getarchives_join', 'custom_archive_by_category_join' ); // You must add `join` to keep it works. Adding only `where` will return nothing

function custom_archive_by_category_where($x) {
    global $wpdb;
    $current_term_slug = get_query_var( 'news_category' );
 
    if (!empty($current_term_slug)) {
        $current_term = get_term_by('slug', $current_term_slug, 'news_category');
 
        if (is_wp_error($current_term) ) {
            return $x;
        }
 
        $current_term_id = $current_term->term_id;
 
        return $x . " AND $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = 'news_category' AND $wpdb->term_taxonomy.term_id IN ($current_term_id)";
 
    }
 
    return $x;
}

function custom_archive_by_category_join( $x ) {
    global $wpdb;
    return $x . " INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_relationships ON ($wpdb->posts.ID = $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id) INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy ON ($wpdb->term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id = $wpdb->term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id)";
}

Read https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/wp_get_archives/ to see what it should be work together.