class WP_Fatal_Error_Handler {}

In this article

Core class used as the default shutdown handler for fatal errors.

Description

A drop-in ‘fatal-error-handler.php’ can be used to override the instance of this class and use a custom implementation for the fatal error handler that WordPress registers. The custom class should extend this class and can override its methods individually as necessary. The file must return the instance of the class that should be registered.

Methods

NameDescription
WP_Fatal_Error_Handler::detect_errorDetects the error causing the crash if it should be handled.
WP_Fatal_Error_Handler::display_default_error_templateDisplays the default PHP error template.
WP_Fatal_Error_Handler::display_error_templateDisplays the PHP error template and sends the HTTP status code, typically 500.
WP_Fatal_Error_Handler::handleRuns the shutdown handler.
WP_Fatal_Error_Handler::should_handle_errorDetermines whether we are dealing with an error that WordPress should handle in order to protect the admin backend against WSODs.

Source

class WP_Fatal_Error_Handler {

	/**
	 * Runs the shutdown handler.
	 *
	 * This method is registered via `register_shutdown_function()`.
	 *
	 * @since 5.2.0
	 */
	public function handle() {
		if ( defined( 'WP_SANDBOX_SCRAPING' ) && WP_SANDBOX_SCRAPING ) {
			return;
		}

		// Do not trigger the fatal error handler while updates are being installed.
		if ( wp_is_maintenance_mode() ) {
			return;
		}

		try {
			// Bail if no error found.
			$error = $this->detect_error();
			if ( ! $error ) {
				return;
			}

			if ( ! isset( $GLOBALS['wp_locale'] ) && function_exists( 'load_default_textdomain' ) ) {
				load_default_textdomain();
			}

			$handled = false;

			if ( ! is_multisite() && wp_recovery_mode()->is_initialized() ) {
				$handled = wp_recovery_mode()->handle_error( $error );
			}

			// Display the PHP error template if headers not sent.
			if ( is_admin() || ! headers_sent() ) {
				$this->display_error_template( $error, $handled );
			}
		} catch ( Exception $e ) {
			// Catch exceptions and remain silent.
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Detects the error causing the crash if it should be handled.
	 *
	 * @since 5.2.0
	 *
	 * @return array|null Error information returned by `error_get_last()`, or null
	 *                    if none was recorded or the error should not be handled.
	 */
	protected function detect_error() {
		$error = error_get_last();

		// No error, just skip the error handling code.
		if ( null === $error ) {
			return null;
		}

		// Bail if this error should not be handled.
		if ( ! $this->should_handle_error( $error ) ) {
			return null;
		}

		return $error;
	}

	/**
	 * Determines whether we are dealing with an error that WordPress should handle
	 * in order to protect the admin backend against WSODs.
	 *
	 * @since 5.2.0
	 *
	 * @param array $error Error information retrieved from `error_get_last()`.
	 * @return bool Whether WordPress should handle this error.
	 */
	protected function should_handle_error( $error ) {
		$error_types_to_handle = array(
			E_ERROR,
			E_PARSE,
			E_USER_ERROR,
			E_COMPILE_ERROR,
			E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR,
		);

		if ( isset( $error['type'] ) && in_array( $error['type'], $error_types_to_handle, true ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		/**
		 * Filters whether a given thrown error should be handled by the fatal error handler.
		 *
		 * This filter is only fired if the error is not already configured to be handled by WordPress core. As such,
		 * it exclusively allows adding further rules for which errors should be handled, but not removing existing
		 * ones.
		 *
		 * @since 5.2.0
		 *
		 * @param bool  $should_handle_error Whether the error should be handled by the fatal error handler.
		 * @param array $error               Error information retrieved from `error_get_last()`.
		 */
		return (bool) apply_filters( 'wp_should_handle_php_error', false, $error );
	}

	/**
	 * Displays the PHP error template and sends the HTTP status code, typically 500.
	 *
	 * A drop-in 'php-error.php' can be used as a custom template. This drop-in should control the HTTP status code and
	 * print the HTML markup indicating that a PHP error occurred. Note that this drop-in may potentially be executed
	 * very early in the WordPress bootstrap process, so any core functions used that are not part of
	 * `wp-includes/load.php` should be checked for before being called.
	 *
	 * If no such drop-in is available, this will call WP_Fatal_Error_Handler::display_default_error_template().
	 *
	 * @since 5.2.0
	 * @since 5.3.0 The `$handled` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param array         $error   Error information retrieved from `error_get_last()`.
	 * @param true|WP_Error $handled Whether Recovery Mode handled the fatal error.
	 */
	protected function display_error_template( $error, $handled ) {
		if ( defined( 'WP_CONTENT_DIR' ) ) {
			// Load custom PHP error template, if present.
			$php_error_pluggable = WP_CONTENT_DIR . '/php-error.php';
			if ( is_readable( $php_error_pluggable ) ) {
				require_once $php_error_pluggable;

				return;
			}
		}

		// Otherwise, display the default error template.
		$this->display_default_error_template( $error, $handled );
	}

	/**
	 * Displays the default PHP error template.
	 *
	 * This method is called conditionally if no 'php-error.php' drop-in is available.
	 *
	 * It calls wp_die() with a message indicating that the site is experiencing technical difficulties and a
	 * login link to the admin backend. The 'wp_php_error_message' and 'wp_php_error_args' filters can
	 * be used to modify these parameters.
	 *
	 * @since 5.2.0
	 * @since 5.3.0 The `$handled` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param array         $error   Error information retrieved from `error_get_last()`.
	 * @param true|WP_Error $handled Whether Recovery Mode handled the fatal error.
	 */
	protected function display_default_error_template( $error, $handled ) {
		if ( ! function_exists( '__' ) ) {
			wp_load_translations_early();
		}

		if ( ! function_exists( 'wp_die' ) ) {
			require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/functions.php';
		}

		if ( ! class_exists( 'WP_Error' ) ) {
			require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-wp-error.php';
		}

		if ( true === $handled && wp_is_recovery_mode() ) {
			$message = __( 'There has been a critical error on this website, putting it in recovery mode. Please check the Themes and Plugins screens for more details. If you just installed or updated a theme or plugin, check the relevant page for that first.' );
		} elseif ( is_protected_endpoint() && wp_recovery_mode()->is_initialized() ) {
			if ( is_multisite() ) {
				$message = __( 'There has been a critical error on this website. Please reach out to your site administrator, and inform them of this error for further assistance.' );
			} else {
				$message = __( 'There has been a critical error on this website. Please check your site admin email inbox for instructions.' );
			}
		} else {
			$message = __( 'There has been a critical error on this website.' );
		}

		$message = sprintf(
			'<p>%s</p><p><a href="%s">%s</a></p>',
			$message,
			/* translators: Documentation about troubleshooting. */
			__( 'https://wordpress.org/documentation/article/faq-troubleshooting/' ),
			__( 'Learn more about troubleshooting WordPress.' )
		);

		$args = array(
			'response' => 500,
			'exit'     => false,
		);

		/**
		 * Filters the message that the default PHP error template displays.
		 *
		 * @since 5.2.0
		 *
		 * @param string $message HTML error message to display.
		 * @param array  $error   Error information retrieved from `error_get_last()`.
		 */
		$message = apply_filters( 'wp_php_error_message', $message, $error );

		/**
		 * Filters the arguments passed to wp_die() for the default PHP error template.
		 *
		 * @since 5.2.0
		 *
		 * @param array $args Associative array of arguments passed to `wp_die()`. By default these contain a
		 *                    'response' key, and optionally 'link_url' and 'link_text' keys.
		 * @param array $error Error information retrieved from `error_get_last()`.
		 */
		$args = apply_filters( 'wp_php_error_args', $args, $error );

		$wp_error = new WP_Error(
			'internal_server_error',
			$message,
			array(
				'error' => $error,
			)
		);

		wp_die( $wp_error, '', $args );
	}
}

Changelog

VersionDescription
5.2.0Introduced.

User Contributed Notes

You must log in before being able to contribute a note or feedback.