This part is about adding an Edit feature to our app. Here’s a glimpse of what we’re going to build:
Step 1: Add an Edit button
We can’t have an Edit form without an Edit button, so let’s start by adding one to our PagesList component:
import { Button } from '@wordpress/components';
import { decodeEntities } from '@wordpress/html-entities';
const PageEditButton = () => (
<Button variant="primary">
Edit
</Button>
)
function PagesList( { hasResolved, pages } ) {
if ( ! hasResolved ) {
return <Spinner />;
}
if ( ! pages?.length ) {
return <div>No results</div>;
}
return (
<table className="wp-list-table widefat fixed striped table-view-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<td>Title</td>
<td style={{width: 120}}>Actions</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{ pages?.map( ( page ) => (
<tr key={page.id}>
<td>{ decodeEntities( page.title.rendered ) }</td>
<td>
<PageEditButton pageId={ page.id } />
</td>
</tr>
) ) }
</tbody>
</table>
);
}
The only change in PagesList is the additional column labeled Actions:
Step 2: Display an Edit form
Our button looks nice but doesn’t do anything yet. To display an edit form, we need to have one first – let’s create it:
import { Button, TextControl } from '@wordpress/components';
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onCancel, onSaveFinished } ) {
return (
<div className="my-gutenberg-form">
<TextControl
value=''
label='Page title:'
/>
<div className="form-buttons">
<Button onClick={ onSaveFinished } variant="primary">
Save
</Button>
<Button onClick={ onCancel } variant="tertiary">
Cancel
</Button>
</div>
</div>
);
}
Now let’s make the button display the form we just created. As this tutorial is not focused on web design, we will wire the two together using a component that requires the least amount of code: Modal. Let’s update PageEditButton accordingly:
import { Button, Modal, TextControl } from '@wordpress/components';
function PageEditButton({ pageId }) {
const [ isOpen, setOpen ] = useState( false );
const openModal = () => setOpen( true );
const closeModal = () => setOpen( false );
return (
<>
<Button
onClick={ openModal }
variant="primary"
>
Edit
</Button>
{ isOpen && (
<Modal onRequestClose={ closeModal } title="Edit page">
<EditPageForm
pageId={pageId}
onCancel={closeModal}
onSaveFinished={closeModal}
/>
</Modal>
) }
</>
)
}
When you click the Edit button now, you should see the following modal:
Great! We now have a basic user interface to work with.
Step 3: Populate the form with page details
We want the EditPageForm to display the title of the currently edited page. You may have noticed that it doesn’t receive a page prop, only pageId. That’s okay. Gutenberg Data allows us to easily access entity records from any component.
In this case, we need to use the getEntityRecord selector. The list of records is already available thanks to the getEntityRecords call in MyFirstApp, so there won’t even be any additional HTTP requests involved – we’ll get the cached record right away.
Here’s how you can try it in your browser’s dev tools:
wp.data.select( 'core' ).getEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', 9 ); // Replace 9 with an actual page ID
Let’s update EditPageForm accordingly:
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onCancel, onSaveFinished } ) {
const page = useSelect(
select => select( coreDataStore ).getEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
[pageId]
);
return (
<div className="my-gutenberg-form">
<TextControl
label='Page title:'
value={ page.title.rendered }
/>
{ /* ... */ }
</div>
);
}
Now it should look like this:
Step 4: Making the Page title field editable
There’s one problem with our Page title field: you can’t edit it. It receives a fixed value but doesn’t update it when typing. We need an onChange handler.
You may have seen a pattern similar to this one in other React apps. It’s known as a “controlled component”:
function VanillaReactForm({ initialTitle }) {
const [title, setTitle] = useState( initialTitle );
return (
<TextControl
value={ title }
onChange={ setTitle }
/>
);
}
Updating entity records in Gutenberg Data is similar but instead of using setTitle to store in local (component level) state, we use the editEntityRecord action which stores the updates in the Redux state. Here’s how you can try it out in your browser’s dev tools:
// We need a valid page ID to call editEntityRecord, so let's get the first available one using getEntityRecords.
const pageId = wp.data.select( 'core' ).getEntityRecords( 'postType', 'page' )[0].id;
// Update the title
wp.data.dispatch( 'core' ).editEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId, { title: 'updated title' } );
At this point, you may ask how is editEntityRecord better than useState? The answer is that it offers a few features you wouldn’t otherwise get.
Firstly, we can save the changes as easily as we retrieve the data and ensure that all caches will be correctly updated.
Secondly, the changes applied via editEntityRecord are easily undo-able via the undo and redo actions.
Lastly, because the changes live in the Redux state, they are “global” and can be accessed by other components. For example, we could make the PagesList display the currently edited title.
To that last point, let’s see what happens when we use getEntityRecord to access the entity record we just updated:
wp.data.select( 'core' ).getEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ).title
It doesn’t reflect the edits. What’s going on?
Well, <PagesList /> renders the data returned by getEntityRecord(). If getEntityRecord() reflected the updated title, then anything the user types in the TextControl would be immediately displayed inside <PagesList />, too. This is not what we want. The edits shouldn’t leak outside the form until the user decides to save them.
Gutenberg Data solves this problem by making a distinction between Entity Records and Edited Entity Records. Entity Records reflect the data from the API and ignore any local edits, while Edited Entity Records also have all the local edits applied on top. Both co-exist in the Redux state at the same time.
Let’s see what happens if we call getEditedEntityRecord:
wp.data.select( 'core' ).getEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ).title
// "updated title"
wp.data.select( 'core' ).getEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ).title
// { "rendered": "<original, unchanged title>", "raw": "..." }
As you can see, the title of an Entity Record is an object, but the title of an Edited Entity record is a string.
This is no accident. Fields like title, excerpt, and content may contain shortcodes or dynamic blocks, which means they can only be rendered on the server. For such fields, the REST API exposes both the raw markup and the rendered string. For example, in the block editor, content.rendered could used as a visual preview, and content.raw could be used to populate the code editor.
So why is the content of an Edited Entity Record a string? Since Javascript is not be able to properly render arbitrary block markup, it stores only the raw markup without the rendered part. And since that’s a string, the entire field becomes a string.
We can now update EditPageForm accordingly. We can access the actions using the useDispatch hook similarly to how we use useSelect to access selectors:
import { useDispatch } from '@wordpress/data';
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onCancel, onSaveFinished } ) {
const page = useSelect(
select => select( coreDataStore ).getEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
[ pageId ]
);
const { editEntityRecord } = useDispatch( coreDataStore );
const handleChange = ( title ) => editEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId, { title } );
return (
<div className="my-gutenberg-form">
<TextControl
label="Page title:"
value={ page.title }
onChange={ handleChange }
/>
<div className="form-buttons">
<Button onClick={ onSaveFinished } variant="primary">
Save
</Button>
<Button onClick={ onCancel } variant="tertiary">
Cancel
</Button>
</div>
</div>
);
}
We added an onChange handler to keep track of edits via the editEntityRecord action and then changed the selector to getEditedEntityRecord so that page.title always reflects the changes.
This is what it looks like now:
Step 5: Saving the form data
Now that we can edit the page title let’s also make sure we can save it. In Gutenberg data, we save changes to the WordPress REST API using the saveEditedEntityRecord action. It sends the request, processes the result, and updates the cached data in the Redux state.
Here’s an example you may try in your browser’s dev tools:
// Replace 9 with an actual page ID
wp.data.dispatch( 'core' ).editEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', 9, { title: 'updated title' } );
wp.data.dispatch( 'core' ).saveEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', 9 );
The above snippet saved a new title. Unlike before, getEntityRecord now reflects the updated title:
// Replace 9 with an actual page ID
wp.data.select( 'core' ).getEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', 9 ).title.rendered
// "updated title"
Entity records are updated to reflect any saved changes right after the REST API request is finished.
This is how the EditPageForm looks like with a working Save button:
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onCancel, onSaveFinished } ) {
// ...
const { saveEditedEntityRecord } = useDispatch( coreDataStore );
const handleSave = () => saveEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId );
return (
<div className="my-gutenberg-form">
{/* ... */}
<div className="form-buttons">
<Button onClick={ handleSave } variant="primary">
Save
</Button>
{/* ... */}
</div>
</div>
);
}
It works, but there’s still one thing to fix: the form modal doesn’t automatically close because we never call onSaveFinished. Lucky for us, saveEditedEntityRecord returns a promise that resolves once the save operation is finished. Let’s take advantage of it in EditPageForm:
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onCancel, onSaveFinished } ) {
// ...
const handleSave = async () => {
await saveEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId );
onSaveFinished();
};
// ...
}
Step 6: Handle errors
We optimistically assumed that a save operation would always succeed. Unfortunately, it may fail in many ways:
- The website can be down
- The update may be invalid
- The page could have been deleted by someone else in the meantime
To tell the user when any of these happens, we have to make two adjustments. We don’t want to close the form modal when the update fails. The promise returned by saveEditedEntityRecord is resolved with an updated record only if the update actually worked. When something goes wrong, it resolves with an empty value. Let’s use it to keep the modal open:
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onSaveFinished } ) {
// ...
const handleSave = async () => {
const updatedRecord = await saveEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId );
if ( updatedRecord ) {
onSaveFinished();
}
};
// ...
}
Great! Now, let’s display an error message. The failure details can be grabbed using the getLastEntitySaveError selector:
// Replace 9 with an actual page ID
wp.data.select( 'core' ).getLastEntitySaveError( 'postType', 'page', 9 )
Here’s how we can use it in EditPageForm:
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onSaveFinished } ) {
// ...
const { lastError, page } = useSelect(
select => ({
page: select( coreDataStore ).getEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
lastError: select( coreDataStore ).getLastEntitySaveError( 'postType', 'page', pageId )
}),
[ pageId ]
)
// ...
return (
<div className="my-gutenberg-form">
{/* ... */}
{ lastError ? (
<div className="form-error">
Error: { lastError.message }
</div>
) : false }
{/* ... */}
</div>
);
}
Great! EditPageForm is now fully aware of errors.
Let’s see that error message in action. We’ll trigger an invalid update and let it fail. The post title is hard to break, so let’s set a date property to -1 instead – that’s a guaranteed validation error:
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onCancel, onSaveFinished } ) {
// ...
const handleChange = ( title ) => editEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId, { title, date: -1 } );
// ...
}
Once you refresh the page, open the form, change the title, and hit save, you should see the following error message:
Fantastic! We can now restore the previous version of handleChange and move on to the next step.
Step 7: Status indicator
There is one last problem with our form: no visual feedback. We can’t be quite sure whether the Save button worked until either the form disappears or an error message shows.
We’re going to clear it up and communicate two states to the user: Saving and No changes detected. The relevant selectors are isSavingEntityRecord and hasEditsForEntityRecord. Unlike getEntityRecord, they never issue any HTTP requests but only return the current entity record state.
Let’s use them in EditPageForm:
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onSaveFinished } ) {
// ...
const { isSaving, hasEdits, /* ... */ } = useSelect(
select => ({
isSaving: select( coreDataStore ).isSavingEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
hasEdits: select( coreDataStore ).hasEditsForEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
// ...
}),
[ pageId ]
)
}
We can now use isSaving and hasEdits to display a spinner when saving is in progress and grey out the save button when there are no edits:
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onSaveFinished } ) {
// ...
return (
// ...
<div className="form-buttons">
<Button onClick={ handleSave } variant="primary" disabled={ ! hasEdits || isSaving }>
{ isSaving ? (
<>
<Spinner/>
Saving
</>
) : 'Save' }
</Button>
<Button
onClick={ onCancel }
variant="tertiary"
disabled={ isSaving }
>
Cancel
</Button>
</div>
// ...
);
}
Note that we disable the save button when there are no edits and when the page is currently being saved. This is to prevent the user from accidentally pressing the button twice.
Also, interrupting a save in progress is not supported by @wordpress/data so we also conditionally disabled the cancel button.
Here’s what it looks like in action:
Wiring it all together
All the pieces are in place, great! Here’s everything we built in this chapter in one place:
import { useDispatch } from '@wordpress/data';
import { Button, Modal, TextControl } from '@wordpress/components';
function PageEditButton( { pageId } ) {
const [ isOpen, setOpen ] = useState( false );
const openModal = () => setOpen( true );
const closeModal = () => setOpen( false );
return (
<>
<Button onClick={ openModal } variant="primary">
Edit
</Button>
{ isOpen && (
<Modal onRequestClose={ closeModal } title="Edit page">
<EditPageForm
pageId={ pageId }
onCancel={ closeModal }
onSaveFinished={ closeModal }
/>
</Modal>
) }
</>
);
}
function EditPageForm( { pageId, onCancel, onSaveFinished } ) {
const { page, lastError, isSaving, hasEdits } = useSelect(
( select ) => ( {
page: select( coreDataStore ).getEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
lastError: select( coreDataStore ).getLastEntitySaveError( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
isSaving: select( coreDataStore ).isSavingEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
hasEdits: select( coreDataStore ).hasEditsForEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId ),
} ),
[ pageId ]
);
const { saveEditedEntityRecord, editEntityRecord } = useDispatch( coreDataStore );
const handleSave = async () => {
const savedRecord = await saveEditedEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', pageId );
if ( savedRecord ) {
onSaveFinished();
}
};
const handleChange = ( title ) => editEntityRecord( 'postType', 'page', page.id, { title } );
return (
<div className="my-gutenberg-form">
<TextControl
label="Page title:"
value={ page.title }
onChange={ handleChange }
/>
{ lastError ? (
<div className="form-error">Error: { lastError.message }</div>
) : (
false
) }
<div className="form-buttons">
<Button
onClick={ handleSave }
variant="primary"
disabled={ ! hasEdits || isSaving }
>
{ isSaving ? (
<>
<Spinner/>
Saving
</>
) : 'Save' }
</Button>
<Button
onClick={ onCancel }
variant="tertiary"
disabled={ isSaving }
>
Cancel
</Button>
</div>
</div>
);
}
What’s next?
- Previous part: Building a list of pages
- Next part: Building a New Page form (coming soon)
- (optional) Review the finished app in the block-development-examples repository